Invention of Electricity
About 610 years before Isha, the Greek philosopher Thales observed that when he was rubbed with a substance called amber with Wool, Then amber produced the property of attracting small objects towards it. After this, Dr. Billiam Gilbert of England found by experiment that it is not only amber but also many such substances which after being rubbed from by other substances, gain a property to attract small objects towards it.
In 1646, Thomas Brown named this attractive nature electricity (electricity). This type of electricity is called frictional electricity so the property of attracting other small substances comes after friction. An object that has such properties is called electrified or charged. Meaning of things, that object has taken charge. From this, it is clear that the history of electricity is not clear but we can assume that Electricity Comes in Existence in 1646 in the form of frictional Electricity. This electricity is totally different as compared to the modern form of electricity.
Concept of Positive and Negative charge
From above it is clear that On rubbing two different substances together, it has the property of attracting other things towards it.
For example, when a glass rod is rubbed with silk it becomes charged. Similarly, when the rod of ebonite is rubbed with the skin of the cat, it also gets charged but the charges of these two things are different from each other. The two rods charged by rubbing with silk repel each other. Similarly, two rods charged by rubbing a glass rod with silk repel each other. But when both the ebonite and the glass rod are brought close to each other, then both of them attract each other. This proves that there are two types of charges.
Who is the electricity inventor?
In 1750, the American scientist Benjamin Franklin named positive charge in the glass rod and negative charge in the ebonite rod. In addition, Benjamin said that if any charged object is repelled with a glass rod, it will be considered to be positively charged and if attracted it will be considered as negatively charged. In this way, Benjamin divided the charge in two ways:-
- Negative Charge
- Positive Charge
Who has discovered electricity?
The answer to this question is that Who has discovered electricity is unknown yet. But the concept of electricity was given by American Physicist Benjamin Franklin. There is a story about Benjamin Franklin that he was the first person who tried to understand the nature of lighting and concluded that lightning is a form of static electricity.
Modern Theory of Electricity
According to the modern electron theory of electricity, all matter in the world consists of very small particles called an atom. The central part of the atom is called the nucleus. The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons.
A proton is a positively charged particle and a neutron is an electrolytically neutral particle. The nucleus is positively charged due to the presence of a small proton. Electrons revolve in a fixed orbit around the nucleus.
Electrons are negatively charged particles. The amount of negative charge on an electron is exactly the same as the amount of the positive charge proton. In the normal state, the atom is neutral because the atom has the same number of electrons and protons atoms. Electrons are bound to the nucleus by a weak force in the outer orbit of the atom, while neutrons and protons are strongly bound to each other.
When the number of electrons and protons inside an atom is not equal, then that atom starts behaving like a charge. When one and more than one electron is released from the atom by some method, the effect of the electron inside that atom is reduced and the whole atom starts behaving like a positive charge.
Conversely, if one or more electrons are pushed inside an atom by some method, the effect of the proton inside that atom is slightly less than that of the electron and that atom behaves like a negative charge. This proves that due to a lack of electrons, an object is positively charged and due to an excess of electrons it becomes negatively charged.